The pyrethrum plant is a natural source of insecticide - the flowers are pulverized and the active components called pyrethrins, contained in the seed cases, are extracted and sold in the form of an oleoresin. This is applied as a suspension in water or oil, or as a powder. Pyrethrins attack the nervous systems of all insects, and inhibit female mosquitoes from biting. When not present in amounts fatal to insects, they still appear to have an insect repellent effect. They are harmful to fish, but are far less toxic to mammals and birds than many synthetic insecticides and are non-persistent, being biodegradable and also breaking down easily on exposure to light. They are considered to be amongst the safest insecticides for use around food.

It controls a broad spectrum of pests including beetles, aphids, leaf-hoppers, cabbage worms, caterpillars and other pest insects on many vegetables, flowers, and ornamental trees and shrubs, it can be used indoors and out as well, and it a is non-residue and environment-friendly insecticide.